Step 1: Download archive Manager ftp://ftp.linux-wlan.org/pub/linux-wlan-ng/linux- wlan-ng-0.2.3.tar.gz
to /usr/src/linux-wlan-ng-0.2.3.
Step 2: unpack them run ./configure
Step 3: In the source dir, type `make config` and answer the
following:
------------- Linux WLAN Configuration Script -------------
The default responses are correct for most users.
Build Prism2.x PCMCIA Card Services (_cs) driver? (y/n) [n]: n
Build Prism2 PLX9052 based PCI (_plx) adapter driver? (y/n) [n]: n
Build Prism2.5 native PCI (_pci) driver? (y/n) [n]: n
Build Prism2.5 USB (_usb) driver? (y/n) [y]: y
Linux source directory [/usr/src/linux]:
The kernel source tree is version 2.4.18.
The current kernel build date is Sun Mar 17 04:51:47 2002.
Alternate target install root directory on host []:
Module install directory [/lib/modules/2.4.18]:
It looks like you have a BSD-ish init file setup.
You'll need to edit /etc/rc.d/rc.S to invoke /etc/rc.d/rc.wlan
(for ISA/PCMCIA cards) so that wlan cards will be started at boot
time.
Target Architecture? (i386, ppc, arm, or alpha) [i386]:
Prefix for build host compiler? (rarely needed) []:
Compiling with a cross compiler? (y/n) [n]:
Build for debugging (see doc/config.debug) (y/n) [n]:
***********Configuration successful.
Step 4: Type: `make all`
Step 5: Type: `make install
Step 6: # vi wlan.conf
SSID_wlan0="your_ssid"
Step 7: # cp wlancfg-DEFAULT wlancfg-your_ssid
Step 8: # vi wlancfg-your_ssid
lnxreq_hostWEPEncrypt=true
lnxreq_hostWEPDecrypt=true
dot11PrivacyInvoked=true
dot11WEPDefaultKeyID=0
dot11ExcludeUnencrypted=true
dot11WEPDefaultKey0=12:34:56:78:90
AuthType="sharedkey"
Step 9: # vi /etc/modprobe.conf
alias wlan0 prism2_usb
Step 10: # vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-wlan0
DEVICE=wlan0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
TYPE=wireless
Step 11: # modprobe prism2_usb prism2_doreset=1
Step 12: # Add the following to: /etc/hotplug/usb/prism2_usermap
Prism2 0x0003, vendor Id, device Id
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
***********The LINK light will come.
Step 13: # lsmod
Module Size Used by
prism2_usb 72836 0
p80211 29840 2 prism2_usb
Step 14: # ifup wlan0
Step 15: # ifconfig wlan0
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0D:88:67:8D:42
inet addr:192.168.0.196 Bcast:192.168.0.255
Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:694 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:757 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:240526 (234.8 KiB) TX bytes:100360 (98.0 KiB)
Monday, May 18, 2009
Security Issue(Enabling WEP128)
If you are concerned about security - you
Should enable WEP 128.It won't make you much more secure but
at least you won't be totally open. On the other hand it
usually does slow the connection. WEP works in 0.1.14-pre3
and newer. Enabling it is simple:
1. Generate 3-4 26 hex-digits keys - you may use nwepgen but be
carefull as some OSs (like Windows XP) use different
algorithms so always use 26-hex digits form, not the
password string - the latter is only usefull to recover the
key if you forgotten it (but recover it with THE SAME
program you used to generate it)
2. Enable WEP128 on your AP and enter keys there, pick one you
will use: I suggest not the first one as this is the one
which is usually tried first if someone tries to hack in
3. Edit /etc/wlan.conf, these are the important lines:
dot11PrivacyInvoked=true
dot11WEPDefaultKeyID=2 # 0|1|2|3
dot11WEPDefaultKey0=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
dot11WEPDefaultKey1=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
dot11WEPDefaultKey2=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
dot11WEPDefaultKey3=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
AuthType="sharedkey"
4. restart wlan and replug the card and should be fine. If it
does not work - try rebooting.
Should enable WEP 128.It won't make you much more secure but
at least you won't be totally open. On the other hand it
usually does slow the connection. WEP works in 0.1.14-pre3
and newer. Enabling it is simple:
1. Generate 3-4 26 hex-digits keys - you may use nwepgen but be
carefull as some OSs (like Windows XP) use different
algorithms so always use 26-hex digits form, not the
password string - the latter is only usefull to recover the
key if you forgotten it (but recover it with THE SAME
program you used to generate it)
2. Enable WEP128 on your AP and enter keys there, pick one you
will use: I suggest not the first one as this is the one
which is usually tried first if someone tries to hack in
3. Edit /etc/wlan.conf, these are the important lines:
dot11PrivacyInvoked=true
dot11WEPDefaultKeyID=2 # 0|1|2|3
dot11WEPDefaultKey0=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
dot11WEPDefaultKey1=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
dot11WEPDefaultKey2=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
dot11WEPDefaultKey3=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
AuthType="sharedkey"
4. restart wlan and replug the card and should be fine. If it
does not work - try rebooting.
Steps to update kernel and enable wireless
To upgrade the kernel you must have the kenel source i.e .src.rpm file.
If you don’t have follow the following steps
· Download the corresponding kernel.src.rpm file from www.sourceforge.com
· # rpm –ivh kernel-2.6.10-1.741.src.rpm
· # rpmbuild –bp –target=norarch /usr/src/redhat/SPECS/kernel-2.6.spec
$ cd /usr/src
$ ln -s redhat/BUILD/kernel-2.6.10/linux-2.6.10/ linux
$ ln -s redhat/BUILD/kernel-2.6.10/linux-2.6.10/ linux-2.6.10
$ cd /linux-2.6.17.7
$ make mrproper
$ uname –rm(to know what is our architecture i.e i386,i486,i686)
$ cp /usr/src/linux-2.6.10/configs/kernel-2.6.10-i686.config /usr/src/linux-2.17.7 /.config
$ make oldconfig
$ make menuconfig or make xconfig(Don’t select SElinux,video for linux v4l(DVB),Enable all Wep extensions)
Enable CONFIG_NET_WIRELESS
CONFIG_FW_LOADER Generic Driver Options
CONFIG_CRC32
CONFIG_CRC_CCITT
$ make all
$ make modules_install
$ make install
modify grub.conf according to your needs
vi /boot/grub/grub.conf
default=1 points to the previous kernel set default=0 to
the new kernel.
If you don’t have follow the following steps
· Download the corresponding kernel.src.rpm file from www.sourceforge.com
· # rpm –ivh kernel-2.6.10-1.741.src.rpm
· # rpmbuild –bp –target=norarch /usr/src/redhat/SPECS/kernel-2.6.spec
$ cd /usr/src
$ ln -s redhat/BUILD/kernel-2.6.10/linux-2.6.10/ linux
$ ln -s redhat/BUILD/kernel-2.6.10/linux-2.6.10/ linux-2.6.10
$ cd /linux-2.6.17.7
$ make mrproper
$ uname –rm(to know what is our architecture i.e i386,i486,i686)
$ cp /usr/src/linux-2.6.10/configs/kernel-2.6.10-i686.config /usr/src/linux-2.17.7 /.config
$ make oldconfig
$ make menuconfig or make xconfig(Don’t select SElinux,video for linux v4l(DVB),Enable all Wep extensions)
Enable CONFIG_NET_WIRELESS
CONFIG_FW_LOADER Generic Driver Options
CONFIG_CRC32
CONFIG_CRC_CCITT
$ make all
$ make modules_install
$ make install
modify grub.conf according to your needs
vi /boot/grub/grub.conf
default=1 points to the previous kernel set default=0 to
the new kernel.
Monday, November 24, 2008
A basic look on Inodes
Inode stores basic information about a regular file, directory, or other file system object. The inode number is a unique integer assigned to the device upon which it is stored. All files are hard links to inodes.
n the Linux kernel, there are three storage areas where inodes are saved. First, there are two lists (both maintained as doubly linked lists). One of these lists saves used inodes, while another stores unused inodes. There is a hash table that stores all used inodes as well, since hash tables makes searching for inodes faster. The hash value is based on super block address and inode number of the index. And then, finally, there is a structure that stores the number of used and unused inodes. This structure resembles the following:
struct{
int nr_inodes;
int nr_free-inodes;
}inodes_stat;
nr_inodes variable stores the number of inodes, while nr_free_inodes stores the number of unused inodes.
The inodes structure is widely used in file system implementation. This structure is defined in /include/linux/fs.h
Now that we have looked into the inode structure, how should we create and destroy inodes? Linux kernel implementers provide two functions for this:
Iget() and iput()
A file's inode number can be found using the ls -i command, while the ls -l command will retrieve inode information.
n the Linux kernel, there are three storage areas where inodes are saved. First, there are two lists (both maintained as doubly linked lists). One of these lists saves used inodes, while another stores unused inodes. There is a hash table that stores all used inodes as well, since hash tables makes searching for inodes faster. The hash value is based on super block address and inode number of the index. And then, finally, there is a structure that stores the number of used and unused inodes. This structure resembles the following:
struct{
int nr_inodes;
int nr_free-inodes;
}inodes_stat;
nr_inodes variable stores the number of inodes, while nr_free_inodes stores the number of unused inodes.
The inodes structure is widely used in file system implementation. This structure is defined in /include/linux/fs.h
Now that we have looked into the inode structure, how should we create and destroy inodes? Linux kernel implementers provide two functions for this:
Iget() and iput()
A file's inode number can be found using the ls -i command, while the ls -l command will retrieve inode information.
Wednesday, July 9, 2008
Building linux kernel source for fedora
Download the corresponding kernel.src.rpm file from www.sourceforge.com
# rpm –ivh kernel-2.6.10-1.741.src.rpm
# rpmbuild –bp –target=norarch /usr/src/redhat/SPECS/kernel-2.6.spec
cd /usr/src
ln -s redhat/BUILD/kernel-2.6.10/linux-2.6.10/ linux
ln -s redhat/BUILD/kernel-2.6.10/linux-2.6.10/ linux-2.6.10
cd /linux-2.6.17.7
- make mrproper
Tuesday, July 8, 2008
Linux on Windows
I was always looking for "Linux on Windows" and finally found this.
andLinux a Ubuntu based distro takes cooperation with Windows to a whole new level that requires no virtualization. andLinux integrates coLinux kernel. The coLinux project takes a stable release of the Linux kernel and ports it to run on Windows. That means that, unlike virtualization software, andLinux installs on Windows like any other application.
andLinux is available in two flavours -- a 665MB version that uses KDE and takes up 4.5GB of disk space, and a lightweight 143MB version with Xfce that uses 2.5GB on a hard drive. The developers recommend earmarking at least 192MB of RAM during installation for andLinux, but make sure you have enough memory left for Windows itself. andLinux will run only on 32-bit versions of Windows 2000, XP, 2003, and Vista, and your hard drive needs to be formatted using the NTFS filesystem.
andLinux a Ubuntu based distro takes cooperation with Windows to a whole new level that requires no virtualization. andLinux integrates coLinux kernel. The coLinux project takes a stable release of the Linux kernel and ports it to run on Windows. That means that, unlike virtualization software, andLinux installs on Windows like any other application.
andLinux is available in two flavours -- a 665MB version that uses KDE and takes up 4.5GB of disk space, and a lightweight 143MB version with Xfce that uses 2.5GB on a hard drive. The developers recommend earmarking at least 192MB of RAM during installation for andLinux, but make sure you have enough memory left for Windows itself. andLinux will run only on 32-bit versions of Windows 2000, XP, 2003, and Vista, and your hard drive needs to be formatted using the NTFS filesystem.
Friday, March 7, 2008
Flex Module for Apache & Installing Flex SDK
Steps to install flex module for apache on linux.
-------------------------------------------------
Pre-requisities
1. Flex SDK 2.0.1 or later (can download from http://download.macromedia.com/pub/flex/sdk/flex2_sdk_hf1.zip)
2. JRE 1.4.2 or later (can download a self extracting jre file and install)
3. Java enabled browser
$cd/plugins
$ln -s/plugins/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so
Restart firefox
Installing Flex-SDK
1. unzip the downloaded flex_sdk_hf1.zip
$unzip flex_sdk_hf1.zip
2. cd fles_sdk/bin
3. chmod 777 mxmlc
4. vi mxmlc
On line 34 change "java $VMARGS -jar "$FLEX_HOME/lib/mxmlc.jar" +flexlib="$FLEX_HOME/frameworks" $*" to "
Installing Flex module for apache
1. Download flex module for apache(http://download.macromedia.com/pub/labs/flex_mod_apache/flex_module_manual_install_050107.
zip)
2. unzip flex_module_manual_install_050107.zip
$unzip flex_module_manual_install_050107.zip
3. Inside the /usr/bin folder create a new file named compiler.sh and add (a copy of this in dir)
#!/bin/sh
java -Djava.awt.headless=true -ms128M -mx256M -jar "//flexc.jar" ${*}
4. grant execution permissions on the compiler.sh file.
$ chmod 777 /usr/bin/compiler.sh
5. Open the Apache configuration file (httpd.conf) and add the following
LoadModule flex_module/modules/apache///mod_flex.so
AddHandler flex .mxml
6. configuring the compiler.conf
set the path to flex-config.xml (flex_config=/frameworks/flex-config.xml)
set the path to fles lib (flex_lib=/frameworks)
7. Restart apache server
Note: To compile .mxml file use mxmlc -o.swf .mxml
-------------------------------------------------
Pre-requisities
1. Flex SDK 2.0.1 or later (can download from http://download.macromedia.com/pub/flex/sdk/flex2_sdk_hf1.zip)
2. JRE 1.4.2 or later (can download a self extracting jre file and install)
3. Java enabled browser
$cd
$ln -s
Restart firefox
Installing Flex-SDK
1. unzip the downloaded flex_sdk_hf1.zip
$unzip flex_sdk_hf1.zip
2. cd fles_sdk/bin
3. chmod 777 mxmlc
4. vi mxmlc
On line 34 change "java $VMARGS -jar "$FLEX_HOME/lib/mxmlc.jar" +flexlib="$FLEX_HOME/frameworks" $*" to "
Installing Flex module for apache
1. Download flex module for apache(http://download.macromedia.com/pub/labs/flex_mod_apache/flex_module_manual_install_050107.
zip)
2. unzip flex_module_manual_install_050107.zip
$unzip flex_module_manual_install_050107.zip
3. Inside the /usr/bin folder create a new file named compiler.sh and add (a copy of this in
#!/bin/sh
java -Djava.awt.headless=true -ms128M -mx256M -jar "/
4. grant execution permissions on the compiler.sh file.
$ chmod 777 /usr/bin/compiler.sh
5. Open the Apache configuration file (httpd.conf) and add the following
LoadModule flex_module
AddHandler flex .mxml
6. configuring the compiler.conf
set the path to flex-config.xml (flex_config=
set the path to fles lib (flex_lib=
7. Restart apache server
Note: To compile .mxml file use mxmlc -o
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